Diabetes,one of the most common chronic diseases in the modern world,has pancreaticβcell deficiency as a major part of its pathophysiological mechanism.Pancreatic regeneration is a potential therapeutic strategy for ...Diabetes,one of the most common chronic diseases in the modern world,has pancreaticβcell deficiency as a major part of its pathophysiological mechanism.Pancreatic regeneration is a potential therapeutic strategy for the recovery ofβcell loss.However,endocrine islets have limited regenerative capacity,especially in adult humans.Almost all hypoglycemic drugs can protectβcells by inhibitingβcell apoptosis and dedifferentiation via correction of hyperglycemia and amelioration of the consequent inflammation and oxidative stress.Several agents,including glucagon-like peptide-1 andγ-aminobutyric acid,have been shown to promoteβcell proliferation,which is considered the main source of the regeneratedβcells in adult rodents,but with less clarity in humans.Pancreatic progenitor cells might exist and be activated under particular circumstances.Artemisinins andγ-aminobutyric acid can induceα-to-βcell conversion,although some disputes exist.Intestinal endocrine progenitors can transdeterminate into insulin-producing cells in the gut after FoxO1 deletion,and pharmacological research into FoxO1 inhibition is ongoing.Other cells,including pancreatic acinar cells,can transdifferentiate intoβcells,and clinical and preclinical strategies are currently underway.In this review,we summarize the clinical and preclinical agents used in different approaches forβcell regeneration and make some suggestions regarding future perspectives for clinical application.展开更多
Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The obje...Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability.Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to examine apoptosis.Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos kit was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria.ATP assay kit was used to evaluate ATP levels.Western blots were used to assess the presence of AKT,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,Caspase3,Caspase9,Bax,and Bcl-2.Results:BJO inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.It induced apoptosis,with the percentage of cells treated with 50–150μg/mL BJO increasing from 8.01%to 28.02%in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05,when 50μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group;P<0.001,when 100 or 150μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group).After exposed to BJO,the expression of C-caspase3,C-caspase9 and Bax upregulated while that of Bcl-2 downregulated.BJO suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,while repressing the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin.Compared with treatment by BJO alone,the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P increased the survival rate of HepG2 cells(P<0.01)and attenuated the inhibitory effect of BJO on cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion:BJO is capable of inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFA0100501the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770768 and No.81970671and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7192225.
文摘Diabetes,one of the most common chronic diseases in the modern world,has pancreaticβcell deficiency as a major part of its pathophysiological mechanism.Pancreatic regeneration is a potential therapeutic strategy for the recovery ofβcell loss.However,endocrine islets have limited regenerative capacity,especially in adult humans.Almost all hypoglycemic drugs can protectβcells by inhibitingβcell apoptosis and dedifferentiation via correction of hyperglycemia and amelioration of the consequent inflammation and oxidative stress.Several agents,including glucagon-like peptide-1 andγ-aminobutyric acid,have been shown to promoteβcell proliferation,which is considered the main source of the regeneratedβcells in adult rodents,but with less clarity in humans.Pancreatic progenitor cells might exist and be activated under particular circumstances.Artemisinins andγ-aminobutyric acid can induceα-to-βcell conversion,although some disputes exist.Intestinal endocrine progenitors can transdeterminate into insulin-producing cells in the gut after FoxO1 deletion,and pharmacological research into FoxO1 inhibition is ongoing.Other cells,including pancreatic acinar cells,can transdifferentiate intoβcells,and clinical and preclinical strategies are currently underway.In this review,we summarize the clinical and preclinical agents used in different approaches forβcell regeneration and make some suggestions regarding future perspectives for clinical application.
文摘目的探讨CD147在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中的表达情况及其对OSCC增殖作用的影响。方法收集2017年9月至2018年12月期间大连医科大学附属第一医院临床OSCC组织和癌旁组织。分别采用real-time PCR、Western blot及免疫组化方法比较CD147在OSCC组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。人口腔鳞癌细胞UM-SCC6细胞分别转染CD147-siRNA(CD147-siRNA组)及空载体(NC组),采用CCK-8实验、集落形成实验及Ki67实验检测CD147对细胞增殖的影响。结果①real-time PCR结果显示OSCC组织中CD147基因的相对表达量高于癌旁组织(10.38±1.21 vs 1.00±0.08,P<0.05);Western blot实验结果显示OSCC组织中CD147蛋白表达量高于癌旁组织(1.27±0.15 vs 0.60±0.15,P<0.05);OSCC组织中免疫组化阳性细胞数的平均光密度值高于癌旁组织(0.43±0.06 vs 0.12±0.06,P<0.05)。②CCK-8实验测定CD147-siRNA组细胞增殖能力低于NC组(P<0.05);CD147-siRNA组细胞集落形成能力亦下降;Ki67实验平均光密度值在CD147-siRNA组中低于NC组(165.00±19.47 vs 331.33±30.09,P<0.05)。结论CD147在口腔鳞癌中高表达并可促进口腔鳞癌细胞的增殖。
基金This study was supported by The National Science Foundation of China(31671786)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0401404).
文摘Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability.Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to examine apoptosis.Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos kit was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria.ATP assay kit was used to evaluate ATP levels.Western blots were used to assess the presence of AKT,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,Caspase3,Caspase9,Bax,and Bcl-2.Results:BJO inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.It induced apoptosis,with the percentage of cells treated with 50–150μg/mL BJO increasing from 8.01%to 28.02%in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05,when 50μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group;P<0.001,when 100 or 150μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group).After exposed to BJO,the expression of C-caspase3,C-caspase9 and Bax upregulated while that of Bcl-2 downregulated.BJO suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,while repressing the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin.Compared with treatment by BJO alone,the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P increased the survival rate of HepG2 cells(P<0.01)and attenuated the inhibitory effect of BJO on cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion:BJO is capable of inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway.