2018年美国心脏病协会(The American Heart Association,AHA)和国际复苏联络委员会(International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation,ILCOR)更新了心肺复苏指南,推荐对胺碘酮和利多卡因治疗电除颤难复律性心室颤动(ventricular fibri...2018年美国心脏病协会(The American Heart Association,AHA)和国际复苏联络委员会(International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation,ILCOR)更新了心肺复苏指南,推荐对胺碘酮和利多卡因治疗电除颤难复律性心室颤动(ventricular fibrillation,VF)或无脉性室性心动过速(pulseless ventricular tachycardia,pVT)。本文总结胺碘酮、利多卡因在心肺复苏中的药理作用及推荐剂量,回顾两者在心肺复苏中的研究进展。展开更多
BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied ...BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied as predictors of adverse outcomes after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC);however;these variables are not routine laboratory tests and incur additional cost making them difficult to incorporate and less attractive in assessing patient’s prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of adverse prognosis for many cardiovascular conditions and certain types of cancers and sepsis. We hypothesize that an elevated NLR is associated with poor outcomes including mortality at discharge in patients with IHCA. AIM To determine the prognostic significance of NLR in patients suffering IHCA who achieve ROSC.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had IHCA with the advanced cardiac life support protocol administered in a large urban community United States hospital over a one-year period. Patients were divided into two groups based on their NLR value (NLR < 4.5 or NLR ≥ 4.5). This cutpoint was derived from receiving operator characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.66) and provided 73% positive predictive value, 82% sensitivity and 42% specificity for predicting in-hospital death after IHCA. The primary outcome was death or discharge at 30 d, whichever came first. RESULTS We reviewed 153 patients with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16.3 years;48% were female. In-hospital mortality occurred in 65%. The median NLR in survivors was 4.9 (range 0.6-46.5) compared with 8.9 (0.28-96) in non-survivors (P = 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that an NLR above 4.55 [odds ratio (OR)= 5.20, confidence interval (CI): 1.5-18.3, P = 0.01], older age (OR = 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.05), and elevated serum lactate level (OR = 1.20, CI: 1.03-1.40, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSION An NLR ≥ 4.5 may be a useful marker of inc展开更多
The Brugada syndrome is a form of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by electrocardiographic ST-Segment elevation in right precordial leads that affect young male patient, predisposing to malignant ventricular arrhythm...The Brugada syndrome is a form of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by electrocardiographic ST-Segment elevation in right precordial leads that affect young male patient, predisposing to malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac deaths. The majority of the patients with Brugada syndrome remain asymptomatic, however, patient can present with symptom like syncope, palpitation and aborted sudden cardiac death. Several pathogenic genes have been identified as associated with the disease but SCN5A is most prevalent one. The Brugada syndrome is diagnosed by typically cove shaped ST-segment elevation of >2 mm in greater than one precordial lead V1 and V2, occurring spontaneously or after provocative drugs test with IV administration of class 1 antiarrhythmic drug such flecainide or Ajmaline. Risk stratification and the need for treatment depend on the patient symptom, electrocardiography, family history and electrophysiological study. The treatment by implantable cardioverter defibrillators, the only effective treatment to date is appropriate. Other treatment options included pharmacological therapy (Quinidine) and Radiofrequency ablation of ventricular ectopies. This brief review focuses on epidemiology of Brugada syndrome, Genetic basis, mechanism, clinical presentation, ECG changes, risk stratification, Diagnostic criteria and management.展开更多
文摘目的比较使用心电形态学特征和心率变异性(Heart Rate Variability,HRV)特征预测室颤发生能力的差异。方法通过麻省理工心电公共数据库与美国心脏学会心电数据库选取58个健康人与59个室颤病人的心电数据,计算并提取心电信号的形态学与心率变异性特征,建立室颤预测模型,比较两类不同特征在室颤前5 min的预测结果。使用准确度、灵敏度、特异度和受试者特征曲线下面积(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve,AUC)对两种不同指标的预测能力进行比较。结果单个形态学的最优特征(R波持续时间AUC=0.940)与单个HRV的最优指标(奇异值分解熵AUC=0.879)的预测能力没有明显差异(P=0.074)。多个形态学特征组合的预测结果(准确度93.5%)优于多个HRV指标组合的预测结果(准确度81.4%)。结论采用多个形态学特征预测室颤的准确率高于单个或多个HRV特征的预测,该结论可以为临床上更简便、更准确地预测室颤提供理论依据。
文摘BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied as predictors of adverse outcomes after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC);however;these variables are not routine laboratory tests and incur additional cost making them difficult to incorporate and less attractive in assessing patient’s prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of adverse prognosis for many cardiovascular conditions and certain types of cancers and sepsis. We hypothesize that an elevated NLR is associated with poor outcomes including mortality at discharge in patients with IHCA. AIM To determine the prognostic significance of NLR in patients suffering IHCA who achieve ROSC.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had IHCA with the advanced cardiac life support protocol administered in a large urban community United States hospital over a one-year period. Patients were divided into two groups based on their NLR value (NLR < 4.5 or NLR ≥ 4.5). This cutpoint was derived from receiving operator characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.66) and provided 73% positive predictive value, 82% sensitivity and 42% specificity for predicting in-hospital death after IHCA. The primary outcome was death or discharge at 30 d, whichever came first. RESULTS We reviewed 153 patients with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16.3 years;48% were female. In-hospital mortality occurred in 65%. The median NLR in survivors was 4.9 (range 0.6-46.5) compared with 8.9 (0.28-96) in non-survivors (P = 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that an NLR above 4.55 [odds ratio (OR)= 5.20, confidence interval (CI): 1.5-18.3, P = 0.01], older age (OR = 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.05), and elevated serum lactate level (OR = 1.20, CI: 1.03-1.40, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSION An NLR ≥ 4.5 may be a useful marker of inc
文摘The Brugada syndrome is a form of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by electrocardiographic ST-Segment elevation in right precordial leads that affect young male patient, predisposing to malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac deaths. The majority of the patients with Brugada syndrome remain asymptomatic, however, patient can present with symptom like syncope, palpitation and aborted sudden cardiac death. Several pathogenic genes have been identified as associated with the disease but SCN5A is most prevalent one. The Brugada syndrome is diagnosed by typically cove shaped ST-segment elevation of >2 mm in greater than one precordial lead V1 and V2, occurring spontaneously or after provocative drugs test with IV administration of class 1 antiarrhythmic drug such flecainide or Ajmaline. Risk stratification and the need for treatment depend on the patient symptom, electrocardiography, family history and electrophysiological study. The treatment by implantable cardioverter defibrillators, the only effective treatment to date is appropriate. Other treatment options included pharmacological therapy (Quinidine) and Radiofrequency ablation of ventricular ectopies. This brief review focuses on epidemiology of Brugada syndrome, Genetic basis, mechanism, clinical presentation, ECG changes, risk stratification, Diagnostic criteria and management.